تولید آمفی پلوئیدهای مصنوعی از تلاقی برخی ارقام گندم‌ نان با آجیلوپس‌تریانسیالیس (.Aegilops triuncialis L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج‌ـ ایران

2 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج‌ـ ایران

3 استادیار گروه باغبانی، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج‌ـ ایران

چکیده

آجیلوپس تریانسیالیس (2n=4x=28; CtCtUtUt) یکی از گونه‏های تتراپلوئید جنس آجیلوپس و از منابع با‏ارزش ژن‏های مقاومت به تنش‏های زیستی و غیرزیستی است. در این پژوهش، ارقام گندم نان (2n=6x=42; AABBDD) ’امید‌‌‘، ’نوید‌‘، ’زرین‌‘، ’پیشگام‌‘ و ’‌MV-17‌‘ با گونۀ آجیلوپس تریانسیالیس تلاقی داده شد و هیبریدهای F1 و F2 (حاصل از خودباروری F1) بررسی سیتوژنتیکی و مورفولوژیکی شدند. تفاوت معنا‏داری بین تلاقی‏پذیری ارقام مختلف گندم (با میانگین تلاقی‏پذیری 24/46‏ درصد) مشاهده شد. هیبریدهای F1 طبق انتظار 35 کروموزوم (n=5x=35; ABDUtCt) داشتند. فراوانی تشکیل بذرهای F2 حدود 54/3‏ درصد در گلچه بود. تعداد کروموزوم‏ها‌ در نمونه‏ای از بذرهای F2 از 40 تا 70 متغیر بود، بنابراین در بین آن‌ها آمفی‏پلوئید (2n=10x=70; AABBDDUtUtCtCt) خود‌به‌خودی مشاهده شد. همچنین القای پلی‏پلوئیدی با کلشی‏سین موفقیت‏آمیز بود‌ و یکی از بذرهای F1 تیمار‌شده بذرهای 70 کروموزومی تولید کرد. در بررسی متافاز I میوزی در هیبریدهای F1 به‌طور متوسط تعداد 21 یونی‌والنت و 7 بی‏والنت مشاهده شد. از نظر رسیدگی هیبریدهای نسل اول 30 روز دیر‏رس‏تر از والدین خود بودند. فراوانی بذرهای BC1F1 حاصل از تلاقی ‏برگشتی هیبریدهای نسل اول (♀) با والد گندم (♂)، نسبت به بذرهای F2 کمتر و حدود 27/1‏ درصد بود. در این پژوهش، آمفی‏پلوئیدهای مصنوعی خود‌به‌خودی و القایی از تلاقی ارقام گندم نان با آجیلوپس تریانسیالیس به‏دست آمد که می‏تواند به‌منزلۀ پلی در برنامه‏های به‏نژادی گندم به کار رود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Synthetic amphiploid production from the crosses between some bread wheat cultivars and Aegilops triuncialis L

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Fathi 1
  • Ghader Mirzaghaderi 2
  • Hediyeh Badakhshan 2
  • Ali Akbar Mozafari 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding,Faculty of Agriculture, Universityof Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Universityof Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universityof Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aegilops triuncialis L. (2n=4x=28; CtCtUtUt) is one of the tetraploid Aegilops species harboring valuable genes for resistance to many biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study the bread wheat cultivars MV17, Navid, Omid, Pishgam, Zarin were crossed with an accession of Ae. triuncialis and the resulted F1 and F2 (obtained by the selfing of F1 plants) hybrids studied using the conventional cytogenetic methods. The crossability (seed set per pollinated floret) of whet cultivars was significantly different with an average of 46.24 percent. Chromosome counting confirmed the presence of 35 (n=5x=35; ABDUtCt) chromosomes in a sample of F1 seeds. The mean frequency of F2 seeds (per floret) was 3.54 percent. The F2 seeds fell in two distinct classes of shrank and smooth seeds. Chromosome counting in root tip cells revealed 40-70 chromosomes in a sample of F2 seeds, indicating the ocurance spontaneous amphiploid (2n=10x=70; AABBDDUtUtCtCt) formation in F2 generation. Induced polyploidy using colchicine was also successful in one of the treated F1 seeds, producing 70 chromosome seeds. Study of the metaphase I of the meiosis in F1 hybrids on average revealed 7 rod bivalents and 21 univalents in each Pollen Mother Cell (PMC). F1 seeds generally matured 30 days later than that of their wheat parents. The frequency of BC1F1 seeds resulting from crossing of F1 with the wheat parent was about 1.27 percent which was lower than F2 seed frequency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Amphiploid
  • Polyploid
  • evolution
  • interspecific hybridization

مراجع

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به نژادی گیاهان زراعی و باغی
دوره 2، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 2
پاییز و زمستان
مهر 1393
صفحه 227-240

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